Contrary to popular belief, barefoot-inspire running shoes, also known as minimalist running shoes, which have a flat, flexible, paper thin sole, were found to be safer than running shoes with thicker cushioning!
One of the many studies that demonstrate a strong association between standard running shoes and high-impact mechanics came from a study in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, reported that runners who wore cushioned, but very flexible running shoe, the Nike Free 5.0, experienced 3 times as many injuries as runners who wore a neutral, stiffer, cushioned running shoe and 5 times more injuries than runners who wore barefoot running shoes, the Vibram Fivefingers Bikila.
Less shoe cushioning, especially under the heel, is correlated with a non-heel strike landing during running. Other work reported that runners who ran barefoot, or in barefoot running shoes for the first time, adopted a forefoot strike landing. However, the authors did not mention whether a forefoot strike landing was adopted in the current study.
Nevertheless, adopting a forefoot strike landing pattern compliments the lower injury rate in the Vibram group. Why?
The Vibram Fivefingers are one of the few running shoes that closely approximates being barefoot whereby barefoot running often encourages a forefoot strike landing to reduce impact peaks and heel pressures.
Unlike the Nike Free’s, Vibrams improve detection of impact components, enabling the central nervous system to reflexively prevent discomfort during running.
In fact, the plantar sensory networks are so complex that physicians stroke the plantar surface to look for evidence of brain damage. Point being, the feet are highly receptive and improvements in biomechanics depends on footwear.
True Barefoot Running Shoes have No Cushioning and No Heel
Though marketed as a ‘minimalist shoe’, the drawback of the Nike Free 5.0
Shoe cushioning causes impact-moderating behavior to fade, resulting in less responsive reflexes and impulsive landings.
The heel-toe differential of the Nike Free 5.0 is also high enough to facilitate heel strike, inflicting more shock on the body since the shoe has less under-heel cushioning than regular running shoes
The Take Home Message
As a cautionary word of advice, heel strikers with no intentions of switching to forefoot running should avoid the Nike Free because they encourage heel strike and lack under-heel protection.
Conversely, runners planning to go minimal are better off going pure minimal, getting as close to the barefoot experience as possible because adequate biomechanical modification depends on clear feedback between your feet and the ground.
More From Run Forefoot:
- Great Minimalist Shoe for Long Distance Running
- Ankle Injury Linked to Running Shoes with Soft Midsoles
- How Heel Strike Running Hurts the Lower Back
- Runners Knee
References:
Kalat, JM. (2007). Biological Psychology, Ninth Edition.
Robbins, SE. and Guow, GJ. (1991). Athletic footwear: unsafe due to perceptual illusions.
Ryan et al. (2012). Examining the injury risk and pain perception in runners using minimalist footwear.
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